![]() We trust each other less, we fear each other more, and we struggle to understand how those on the other side of the political fence could possibly hold so many wrong-headed views.īut with today’s personalized social media feeds and our tendency to live in bubbles of like-minded friends, are we getting each other wrong? As part of its ongoing investigation into the root causes of political polarization, More in Common wanted to find out whether Republicans and Democrats could separate perception from reality. Computers need to go from just being back-office calculating machines to improving the intelligence of people making decisions.Almost two-thirds of Americans describe themselves as either Democrats or Republicans, and with every passing year each side seems to dislike the other more and more. “Any place where time is critical and you need to get advanced state-of-the-art information to the front decision-makers. “I want to create something that I can take into every other retail industry, in the transportation industry, you name it,” John Kelly, who runs IBM Research, told Watson’s question-answering technology is expected to evolve into a commercial product. Jeopardy! superstars Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter and won. Then in February 2011, Watson went up against The Watson computer does all of this in about three seconds.īy late 2010, in practice games at IBM Research in Yorktown Heights, NY, Watson was good enough at finding the correct answers to win about 70 percent of games against former Jeopardy! game, if the highest-ranking possible answer wasn’t rated high enough to give Watson enough confidence, Watson decided not to buzz in and risk losing money if it was wrong. The highest-ranking answer becomes the answer. The answer with the best evidence assessment will earn the most confidence. So for each of hundreds of possible answers it finds hundreds of bits of evidence and then with hundreds of algorithms scores the degree to which the evidence supports the answer. For each possible answer, Watson finds evidence that may support or refute that answer. Yet another set of algorithms ranks the answers and gives them a score. When a question is put to Watson, more than 100 algorithms analyze the question in different ways, and find many different plausible answers–all at the same time. World Book Encyclopedia, and sources that allow open copying of their content, such as Wikipedia and books from Project Gutenberg. Over a period of years, Watson was fed mountains of information, including text from commercial sources, such as the It can hold the equivalent of about one million books worth of information. Watson runs on a cluster of Power 750™ computers-ten racks holding 90 servers, for a total of 2880 processor cores running DeepQA software and storage. ![]() ![]() Jeopardy! clue, “Colorful fourteenth century plague that became a hit play by Arthur Miller.” The only way to get to that answer is to put together pieces of information from various sources, because the exact answer is not likely to be written anywhere. “What is The Black Death of a Salesman?” is the correct response to the The questions on this show are full of subtlety, puns and wordplay-the sorts of things that delight humans but choke computers. That wasn’t good enough to be useful, much less beat ![]() University researchers and company engineers have long worked on question answering software, but the very best could only comprehend and answer simple, straightforward questions (How many Oscars did Elizabeth Taylor win?) and would typically still get them wrong nearly one third of the time. Search engines don’t answer a question–they deliver thousands of search results that match keywords. “The goal is to build a computer that can be more effective in understanding and interacting in natural language, but not necessarily the same way humans do it.”Ĭomputers have never been good at finding answers. “The goal is not to model the human brain,” said David Ferrucci, who spent 15 years working at IBM Research on natural language problems and finding answers amid unstructured information. IBM’s scientists have been quick to say that Watson does not actually think. Watson does a remarkable job of understanding a tricky question and finding the best answer.
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